The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a rapidly spreading pandemic, secondary to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The severity and the little knowledge that we have of the disease have made us focus mostly on the respiratory symptoms. As we bend the curve, other findings reported in association with COVID-19 become of importance for specialists to recognize. We describe the spectrum of clinicopathologic lesions in the skin that can be the only symptom or the first manifestation of COVID-19 and demonstrate the origin of the virus. We collected 25 patients with skin lesions in this context. We recognized 5 types of cutaneous manifestations including acute acroischemic or chilblain-like lesions (11), purpura palpable (2), exanthemas (9), urticarial eruptions (1), and other lesions (2) that might appear with more unspecific pictures. Chilblain-like lesions were the most common form of presentation, which tend to appear as self-healing, erythematous-necrotic plaques mostly on the feet, in young patients with no systemic symptoms associated. Importantly, we visualized viral particles with electron microscopy in 5 of 13 cases analyzed. In this study, we seek to draw a picture of the spectrum of clinicopathologic lesions that may appear in the skin in the context of COVID-19. Although apparently skin lesions are not correlated with disease severity, it may help in some cases to recognize and control the spread of the infection sooner.
COVID-19/diagnosis , Endothelial Cells/virology , Skin Diseases/virology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , COVID-19/complications , COVID-19/pathology , COVID-19 Testing , Endothelial Cells/pathology , Female , Humans , Male , Microscopy, Electron , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Skin Diseases/diagnosis , Skin Diseases/pathology , Young Adult
Introducción: la deficiencia o insuficiencia de vitamina D es una pandemia mundial que afecta aproximadamente 1 000 millones de personas. Investigaciones indican, que entre las funciones no clásicas de la vitamina D, se incluye su rol en enfermedades cardiovasculares y el síndrome metabólico. Objetivos: determinar si existe deficiencia de vitamina D en la población de edad mediana, y su posible asociación con algunos elementos del síndrome metabólico. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal que incluyó 17 hombres y 42 mujeres, de agosto de 2014 a abril de 2016. Se determinaron los niveles de 25hidroxi vitamina D (normal ≥ 30, deficiencia < 30 ng/mL), y se vincularon con elementos clínicos y bioquímicos del síndrome metabólico. Resultados: el 47,46 por ciento presentó deficiencia de vitamina D. La media estuvo disminuida (29,36 ng/mL) en personas obesas. Se encontró correlación inversa significativa (p= 0,039), entre la circunferencia de cintura aumentada en mujeres y los niveles de vitamina D. También hubo correlación positiva significativa (p= 0,015), cuando se asociaron niveles de tensión arterial diastólica en personas con HTA sistodiastólica y niveles de vitamina D. El 62,5 por ciento de personas obesas presentó deficiencia de vitamina D. La comparación de medias entre niveles deficientes de vitamina D y niveles más elevados de glucemias, resultó estadísticamente significativa (p= 0,013). Conclusiones: resultó frecuente la deficiencia de vitamina D en las personas estudiadas. Una mayor circunferencia de cintura en mujeres, se asocia con niveles más bajos de vitamina D. Niveles más altos de vitamina D, se asocian con cifras más elevadas de tensión arterial diastólica. La deficiencia de vitamina D se asocia con niveles más elevados de glucemia(AU)
Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is a world pandemic affecting roughly 1 billion people. Several research studies reveal that Vitamin D has as a non-classical function its role in cardiovascular diseases and in the metabolic syndrome. Objectives: to determine whether there is Vitamin D deficiency in the middle-aged population and its possible association with some elements of the metabolic syndrome. Methods: descriptive and cross-sectional study of 17 men and 42 women conducted from August 2014 to April 2016. The levels of 25-hydroxyl Vitamin D (normal ≥ 30, deficiency < 30 ng/mL), were also determined and linked to clinical and biochemical elements of the metabolic syndrome. Results: in the group, 47.46 percent presented with Vitamin D deficiency. The mean was reduced in obese people (29.36 ng/mL). Significant inverse correlation was found (p= 0.039) between the increased waist circumference in women and the Vitamin D levels. Significant positive correlation (p= 0.015) was also observed when levels of diastolic blood pressure were associated in persons with systolic-diastolic blood hypertension with levels of Vitamin D. In the group, 62.5 percent of obese persons had Vitamin D deficiency. The mean comparison between levels of Vitamin D and higher levels of glycemia was statistically significant (p= 0.013). Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency was common in the studied persons. Increased waist circumference in women is associated with lowest levels of Vitamin D whereas higher levels of Vitamin D are associated with higher diastolic blood pressure values. Vitamin D deficiency is related to higher levels of glycemia(AU)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Vitamin D Deficiency/etiology , Metabolic Syndrome , Waist Circumference , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Glycemic Index
Introducción: la deficiencia o insuficiencia de vitamina D es una pandemia mundial que afecta aproximadamente 1 000 millones de personas. Investigaciones indican, que entre las funciones no clásicas de la vitamina D, se incluye su rol en enfermedades cardiovasculares y el síndrome metabólico. Objetivos: determinar si existe deficiencia de vitamina D en la población de edad mediana, y su posible asociación con algunos elementos del síndrome metabólico. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal que incluyó 17 hombres y 42 mujeres, de agosto de 2014 a abril de 2016. Se determinaron los niveles de 25hidroxi vitamina D (normal ≥ 30, deficiencia < 30 ng/mL), y se vincularon con elementos clínicos y bioquímicos del síndrome metabólico. Resultados: el 47,46 por ciento presentó deficiencia de vitamina D. La media estuvo disminuida (29,36 ng/mL) en personas obesas. Se encontró correlación inversa significativa (p= 0,039), entre la circunferencia de cintura aumentada en mujeres y los niveles de vitamina D. También hubo correlación positiva significativa (p= 0,015), cuando se asociaron niveles de tensión arterial diastólica en personas con HTA sistodiastólica y niveles de vitamina D. El 62,5 por ciento de personas obesas presentó deficiencia de vitamina D. La comparación de medias entre niveles deficientes de vitamina D y niveles más elevados de glucemias, resultó estadísticamente significativa (p= 0,013). Conclusiones: resultó frecuente la deficiencia de vitamina D en las personas estudiadas. Una mayor circunferencia de cintura en mujeres, se asocia con niveles más bajos de vitamina D. Niveles más altos de vitamina D, se asocian con cifras más elevadas de tensión arterial diastólica. La deficiencia de vitamina D se asocia con niveles más elevados de glucemia(AU)
Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is a world pandemic affecting roughly 1 billion people. Several research studies reveal that Vitamin D has as a non-classical function its role in cardiovascular diseases and in the metabolic syndrome. Objectives: to determine whether there is Vitamin D deficiency in the middle-aged population and its possible association with some elements of the metabolic syndrome. Methods: descriptive and cross-sectional study of 17 men and 42 women conducted from August 2014 to April 2016. The levels of 25-hydroxyl Vitamin D (normal ≥ 30, deficiency < 30 ng/mL), were also determined and linked to clinical and biochemical elements of the metabolic syndrome. Results: in the group, 47.46 percent presented with Vitamin D deficiency. The mean was reduced in obese people (29.36 ng/mL). Significant inverse correlation was found (p= 0.039) between the increased waist circumference in women and the Vitamin D levels. Significant positive correlation (p= 0.015) was also observed when levels of diastolic blood pressure were associated in persons with systolic-diastolic blood hypertension with levels of Vitamin D. In the group, 62.5 percent of obese persons had Vitamin D deficiency. The mean comparison between levels of Vitamin D and higher levels of glycemia was statistically significant (p= 0.013). Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency was common in the studied persons. Increased waist circumference in women is associated with lowest levels of Vitamin D whereas higher levels of Vitamin D are associated with higher diastolic blood pressure values. Vitamin D deficiency is related to higher levels of glycemia(AU)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Vitamin D Deficiency/etiology , Metabolic Syndrome , Waist Circumference , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Glycemic Index
